1657年歐洲運用擺錘與具遊絲擺輪於機械鐘錶上，不同於中國的水力式機械鐘，型體較小、走時準確、報時直觀、使用簡單、造型多樣。

In 1657, Europe began using pendulums and hairspring escapements in mechanical clocks. Unlike the water-powered mechanical clocks of China, these European clocks were smaller, more accurate in timekeeping, intuitive in indicating time, easy to use, and available in various designs